Colonisation with Enterobacteriaceae, HAS and ESBL positive strains in two study groups
| No of isolates/no of HAS/no of ESBLs | Neonatal gut | Breast milk | Parents’ skin | nCPAP | Sheets | Total | |||||
| 1 week | 4 weeks | 0 week | 1 week | 4 weeks | 0 week | 1 week | 4 weeks | 48 hours | 48 hours | ||
| Routine care group | |||||||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | 5/2/1 | 8/4/0 | 0 | 0 | 4/1/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17/7/1 |
| Escherichia coli | 7/2/0 | 14/7/0 | 0 | 0 | 3/3/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24/12/0 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 1/0/0 | 12/0/0 | 0 | 0 | 1/0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14/0/1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 3/1/0 | 4/3/0 | 0 | 1/1/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8/5/0 |
| Other Enterobacter spp | 10/1 | 9/1 | 0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 0 | 0 | 24/2/0 |
| All strains | 26/6/0 | 47/15/0 | 0 | 2/1/0 | 9/4/0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 0 | 0 | 87/26/2 |
| HAS % of all strains | 23.1 | 31.9 | 0 | 50 | 44.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.9 |
| Intervention group | |||||||||||
| E. cloacea | 4/0/1 | 10/1/0 | 0 | 1/0/0 | 1/0/1 | 1/0/0 | 1 | 1/1/0 | 1/0/0 | 2/0/0 | 22/2/2 |
| E. coli | 3/0/0 | 6/0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1/0/1 | 2/0/0 | 13/0/2 |
| K. oxytoca | 8/5/1 | 15/6/1 | 1/1/0 | 1/1/0 | 3/1/0 | 0 | 2/1/1 | 1/1/0 | 0 | 0 | 31/16/3 |
| K. pneumoniae | 1/0/0 | 7/0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8/0/0 |
| Other Enterobacter spp | 2/0/0 | 5/0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/0/0 | 3/0/0 | 1/0/0 | 0 | 1/0/0 | 15/0/0 |
| All strains | 18/5/2 | 43/7/2 | 1/1/0 | 2/1/0 | 5/1/1 | 4/0/0 | 6/1/1 | 3/2/0 | 2/0/1 | 5/0/0 | 89/18/7 |
| HAS % of all strains | 27.8 | 16.3 | 100 | 50 | 20 | 0 | 16.7 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 20.2 |
ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases; HAS, hospital-acquired strain; nCPAP, nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.