Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual-level and community-level factors associated with early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016
| Individual and community-level factors | Model I AOR (95% CI) | Model II AOR (95% CI) | Model III AOR (95% CI) | |
| Maternal education | No formal education | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.0) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.7) | |
| Primary | 0.99 (0.3 to 3.1) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.8) | ||
| Secondary | 1.61 (0.5 to 5.2) | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.7) | ||
| Higher | 1 | 1 | ||
| Maternal age | 15–19 | 2.8 (1.4 to 5.6) | 2.7 (1.3 to 5.5)* | |
| 20–35 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 36–49 | 2.3 (1.4 to 3.7) | 2.4 (1.5 to 4.0)* | ||
| Wealth index | Poor | 1.28 (0.8 to 2.2) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.6) | |
| Middle | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.8) | ||
| Rich | 1 | 1 | ||
| ANC utilisation | Not optimal | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.5) | |
| Optimal | 1 | 1 | ||
| Place of delivery | Heath facility | 1 | 1 | |
| Home | 2.3 (1.3 to 4.1) | 2.4 (1.3 to 4.3)* | ||
| Birth weight | Low | 3.1 (1.3 to 7.6) | 3.3 (1.4 to 8.2)* | |
| Normal | 1 | 1 | ||
| High | 3.0 (1.1 to 8.6) | 2.7 (0.9 to 7.6) | ||
| Type of pregnancy | Single | 1 | 1 | |
| Multiple | 5.7 (4.3 to 10.3) | 5.3 (4.1 to 9.9)* | ||
| Mode of delivery | CS | 1.5 (0.6 to 3.6) | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.8) | |
| Vaginal | 1 | Pregnancy | ||
| Pregnancy complications | Yes | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | |
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Place of residence | Urban | 1 | 1 | |
| Rural | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.9) | 0.9 (0.5 to 2.1) | ||
| Region | Tigray | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.3 to 4.7) | |
| Afar | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) | 1.6 (0.3 to 7.4) | ||
| Amhara | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.3 to 4.7) | ||
| Oromia | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) | 3.0 (0.8 to 11.5) | ||
| Somali | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.4) | 2.6 (0.6 to 10.7) | ||
| Benishangul | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 1.3 (0.3 to 6.1) | ||
| SNNPR | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 1.9 (0.5 to 7.3) | ||
| Gambela | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.9) | 1.7 (0.4 to 6.9) | ||
| Harari | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.4) | 2.4 (0.6 to 9.5) | ||
| Addis Ababa | 1 | 1 | ||
| Dire Dawa | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.3) | 2.4 (0.6 to 9.7) | ||
| Community ANC utilisation | Low | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.7) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | ||
| Community educational level | Low | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.1) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.0) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | ||
*Significantly associated (p<0.05).
ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted OR; CS, caesarean section; EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; SNNPR, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region.