Clinical painful procedures in this study
| Types of clinical painful procedures | No | Proportion (%) |
| Blood sampling | 565 | 59.04 |
| Arterial blood sampling | 252 | 26.33 |
| Heel prick | 208 | 21.74 |
| Finger prick | 105 | 10.97 |
| Injection | 65 | 6.79 |
| Intramuscular injection | 24 | 2.51 |
| Subcutaneous injection | 21 | 2.19 |
| Intravenous injection | 20 | 2.09 |
| Catheterisation | 146 | 15.26 |
| Peripheral intravenous cannulation | 63 | 6.58 |
| Peripherally inserted central catheter placement | 29 | 3.03 |
| Arterial catheterisation | 23 | 2.41 |
| Gastric tube insertion | 31 | 3.24 |
| Other | 181 | 18.91 |
| Lumbar puncture | 24 | 2.51 |
| Endotracheal intubation suctioning | 27 | 2.82 |
| Nasopharyngeal suctioning | 45 | 4.70 |
| Enema | 26 | 2.72 |
| Adhesive removal | 59 | 6.16 |
The bold values are the numbers and proportions of the four distinct categories.