Table 1

Descriptive analysis according to delivery mode

VAD
(n=253)		SVD
(n=247)		SSCD
(n=86)		P value
Maternal characteristics
 Nulliparous* †208 (82%)151 (61%)67 (78%)<0.001‡ §
<0.01¶ §
0.38**
 Previous caesarean* †23 (9%)4 (2%)11 (13%)<0.001‡ §
<0.001¶ §
0.32**
 Post high school education* †166 (66%)185 (75%)61 (71%)<0.05‡ §
0.5¶
0.4**
 BMI (kg/m2)†† ‡‡23 (18–50)23 (18–35)23 (18–37)0.42‡
<0.01¶ §
<0.05** §
 Gestational length, days†† ‡‡281 (261–295)279 (259–294)281 (259–295)<0.001‡ §
<0.001¶ §
<0.05** §
 First stage of labour, hours§§ ¶¶8.8 (±4.6)4.2 (±3.7)8.4 (±5.2)<0.001‡ §
<0.001¶ §
0.53**
 Second stage of labour, hours†† ‡‡2 (0–6.5)0.5 (0–5)5 (0–17)<0.001‡ §
<0.001¶ §
<0.001 ** §
Delivery characteristics
 Indication OFHR108 (43%)22 (26%)<0.01** §
 Indication dystocia145 (57%)60 (74%)
 Epidural* †183 (72%)78 (32%)69 (80%)<0.001‡ §
<0.001¶ §
0.2**
 Oxytocin* †242 (96%)99 (40%)83 (97%)<0.001‡ §
<0.001¶ §
0.7**
 Position OAP* †221 (90%)237 (96%)61 (71%)<0.05‡ §
<0.001¶ §
<0.001** §
 Shoulder dystocia* †11 (4%)0–0.001‡ §
Perinatal characteristics
 Birth weight, g§§ ¶¶3668 (±447)3578 (±429)3836 (±494)<0.05‡ §
<0.001¶ §
<0.01** §
 Gender male* †115 (46%)119 (48%)36 (42%)0.5‡
0.3¶
0.6**
 NICU admission* †40 (16%)1 (0.4%)5 (6%)<0.001‡ §
0.001¶ §
<0.05** §
 pH a. umbilicalis<7.00* †4 (2%)00<0.05‡ §
0.2**
 Apgar<7 at 5 min* †9 (4%)00<0.01‡ §
0.08**

  • *n (%).

  • †χ2 test.

  • ‡VAD versus SVD.

  • §Statistically significant at p<0.05.

  • ¶SSCD versus SVD.

  • **VAD versus SSCD.

  • ††Median (min-max).

  • ‡‡Wilcoxon rank sum test.

  • §§mean±SD.

  • ¶¶Student’s t-test.

  • BMI, body mass index; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; OAP, occipital-anterior position; OFHR, ominous fetal heart rate; SSCD, second-stage caesarean delivery; SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery; VAD, vacuum-assisted delivery.