Table 1

Examples and characteristics of the proposed QIs for paediatric and perinatal care in Japan

Category	Condition	No. of QIs	Indicator ID	Description of selected indicators
Patient safety	Patient safety	19	PS08	Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin
Patient safety	Patient safety	19	PS14	Sedation without sedative during MRI examination (aged 7–9)
General paediatrics	Kawasaki disease	4	KD02	Recommended initial treatment
	Kawasaki disease	4	KD03	Examination for hepatitis B and C virus before Infliximab administration
	Urinary tract infection	8	UTI01	Urinary culture and urine Gram staining before administration of antibacterial drugs
	Urinary tract infection	8	UTI03	Antibacterial drugs for 7–14 days
	Paediatric bronchial asthma	11	PBA03	PaCO2/PaO2 examination and chest X-ray for isoproterenol persistent inhalation and/or using mechanical ventilation
	Paediatric bronchial asthma	11	PBA11	unplanned readmission within 7 days after discharge
Advanced paediatrics	Neonates (respiratory care)	5	NRC04	Caffeine administration to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation
	Neonates (respiratory care)	5	NRC05	Avoiding administration of dexamethasone with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
	Acute abdomen	11	AAI03	Avoiding CT scan at admission (for intussusception)
	Acute abdomen	11	AAA02	Laparoscopic appendectomy (for acute appendicitis)
	Rare diseases	7	RDA03	Morphological bone marrow examination and diagnosis by haematologist
	Rare diseases	7	RDC03	Avoiding neuromuscular blocking agents at admission
Advanced obstetrics	Preterm birth	6	PB01	Corticosteroids administration for threatened preterm labour
	Preterm birth	6	PB04	Avoiding tocolytic maintenance therapy
	Caesarean section	8	CS04	Planned caesarean section for gestation 38 weeks and more
	Caesarean section	8	CS08	Pneumatic compression and/or compression stockings after caesarean section

QIs, quality indicators.