Characteristics of the participants and their association with SSC and EIBF
| Characteristics | Total | SSC | EIBF | ||||
| Yes (n=1456) | No (n=7398) | P value (χ2 test) | Yes (n=6236) | No (n=2618) | P value (χ2 test) | ||
| Maternal age, median (IQR) | 25 (21–30) | 25 (21–29) | 25 (21–30) | 0.011* | 25 (21–30) | 25 (21–30) | 0.536* |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 4303 (48.6) | 681 (46.8) | 3622 (49.0) | 0.127 | 3058 (49.0) | 1245 (47.6) | 0.203 |
| Residence (rural), n (%) | 7183 (81.1) | 1136 (78.0) | 6047 (81.7) | <0.001 | 5158 (82.7) | 2025 (77.3) | <0.001 |
| Maternal education | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Preprimary or none | 816 (9.2) | 81 (5.6) | 735 (9.9) | 630 (10.1) | 186 (7.1) | ||
| Primary | 2073 (23.4) | 259 (17.8) | 1814 (24.5) | 1550 (24.9) | 523 (20.0) | ||
| Secondary | 4462 (50.4) | 770 (52.9) | 3692 (49.9) | 3118 (50.0) | 1344 (51.3) | ||
| Higher secondary or more | 1503 (17.0) | 346 (23.8) | 1157 (15.6) | 938 (15.0) | 565 (21.6) | ||
| Antenatal care (yes), n (%) | 7246 (81.8) | 1313 (90.2) | 5933 (80.2) | <0.001 | 4956 (79.5) | 2290 (87.5) | <0.001 |
| SBA at birth (yes), n (%) | 4925 (55.6) | 1099 (75.5) | 3826 (51.7) | <0.001 | 3023 (48.5) | 1902 (72.7) | <0.001 |
| Institutional delivery (yes), n (%) | 4478 (50.6) | 1013 (69.6) | 3465 (46.8) | <0.001 | 2650 (42.5) | 1828 (69.8) | <0.001 |
| Wealth index | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Poorest | 2146 (24.2) | 244 (16.8) | 1902 (25.7) | 1678 (26.9) | 468 (17.9) | ||
| Poor | 1811 (20.5) | 273 (18.8) | 1538 (20.8) | 1317 (21.1) | 494 (18.9) | ||
| Middle | 1740 (19.7) | 284 (19.5) | 1456 (19.7) | 1236 (19.8) | 504 (19.3) | ||
| Rich | 1674 (18.9) | 346 (23.8) | 1328 (18.0) | 1110 (17.8) | 564 (21.5) | ||
| Richest | 1483 (16.7) | 309 (21.2) | 1174 (15.9) | 588 (22.5) | 1483 (16.7) | ||
*Mann-Whitney U test.
EIBF, early initiation of breastfeeding; n, frequency; SBA, skilled birth attendant; SSC, skin-to-skin contact.