Table 2

Maternal characteristics and birth outcomes for TSV born to women with gestational diabetes, 2002–2012

	Prelabour caesarean section		Non-instrumental vaginal birth		Instrumental vaginal birth		Intrapartum caesarean section
	n=7958	(%)	n=24 946	(%)	n=5017	(%)	n=6447	(%)
Age (years)
<20	22	0.3	300	1.2	49	1.0	73	1.1
20–24	276	3.5	1882	7.5	374	7.5	518	8.0
25–29	1227	15.4	6067	24.3	1274	25.4	1539	23.9
30–34	2690	33.8	8849	35.5	1899	37.9	2219	34.4
35–39	2734	34.4	6161	24.7	1142	22.8	1570	24.4
≥40	1008	12.7	1684	6.8	279	5.6	527	8.2
Not stated	1	0.0	3	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.0
Parity
Primiparae	1644	20.7	7747	31.1	3877	77.3	4329	67.1
Multiparae	6309	79.3	17 191	68.9	1138	22.7	2114	32.8
Not stated	5	0.1	8	0.0	2	0.0	4	0.1
Number of previous caesarean section*
None	939	14.9	16 086	93.6	922	81.0	978	46.3
One	3820	60.5	844	4.9	195	17.1	965	45.6
Two or more	1534	24.3	21	0.1	5	0.4	157	7.4
Not stated	16	0.3	240	1.4	16	1.4	14	0.7
Country of birth
Australian born	4353	54.7	12 323	49.4	2172	43.3	3131	48.6
Overseas born	3587	45.1	12 546	50.3	2824	56.3	3291	51.0
Not stated	18	0.2	77	0.3	21	0.4	25	0.4
Smoking during pregnancy
Smoked	607	7.6	2549	10.2	299	6.0	554	8.6
Did not smoke	7315	91.9	22 308	89.4	4695	93.6	5872	91.1
Not stated	36	0.5	89	0.4	23	0.5	1	0.0
Birth weight (g)
Less than 4000	6628	83.3	22 400	89.8	4588	91.4	5494	85.2
4000 and over	1327	16.7	2544	10.2	428	8.5	953	14.8
Not stated	3	0.0	2	0.0	1	0.0	0	0.0
Small for gestational age	496	6.2	2590	10.4	667	13.3	651	10.1
Large for gestational age	1652	20.8	2502	10.0	402	8.0	930	14.4
Sex
Male	4194	52.7	12 471	50.0	2709	54.0	3665	56.8
Female	3762	47.3	12 470	50.0	2305	45.9	2782	43.2
Not stated	2	0.0	5	0.0	3	0.1	0	0.0
Gestational age (weeks)
37	921	11.6	2133	8.6	379	7.6	572	8.9
38	3271	41.1	6337	25.4	1138	22.7	1639	25.4
39	3000	37.7	8503	34.1	1695	33.8	2044	31.7
40	597	7.5	6118	24.5	1367	27.2	1580	24.5
Greater than 40	169	2.1	1855	7.4	438	8.7	612	9.5