Outcome | Instrument | Units |
Socioeconomic status | Questionnaire (Portuguese National Institute of Statistics) | – |
Height | Height stadiometer (SECA 217, Hamburg, Germany) | cm |
Weight | Bioelectrical impedance scale (InBody 230, Seoul, Korea) | kg |
BMI | (BMI=weight (kg)/height2 (m)) | kg/m2 |
BMI z-score | (BMI z-score= ((BMI/M(t))L(t)−1)/L(t)S(t)) | – |
Waist circumference | Circumference measuring tape (SECA 203, Hamburg, Germany) | cm |
Waist for height ratio | (WHtR=waist circumference (cm)/height (cm)) | – |
Hip circumference | Circumference measuring tape (SECA 203, Hamburg, Germany) | cm |
Body fat mass | Bioelectrical impedance scale (InBody 230) | % |
Muscle mass | % | |
Pubertal status | Tanner’s stages | – |
Resting BP | Digital sphygmomanometer (CAS 9302S, CAS Medical Systems, Branford, USA) | mm Hg |
Blood glucose | Hexokinase (ADVIA 2400, Siemens, Newark, Delaware, USA) | mg/dL |
Blood insulin | Chemiluminescence immunoassay (ADVIA 2400, Siemens) | mg/dL |
Insulin sensitivity | Homeostasis model assessment | – |
Total cholesterol | Enzymatic (ADVIA 2400, Siemens) | mg/dL |
HDL-C | Direct (ADVIA 2400, Siemens) | mg/dL |
Triglycerides | GPO Trinder (ADVIA 2400, Siemens) | mg/dL |
AST, ALT and GGT | Modified IFCC method (ADVIA 2400, Siemens) | U/L |
C reactive protein | Turbidimetric immunoassay (ADVIA 2400, Siemens) | mg/L |
Energy intake | 3-day food diary | kcal |
Physical activity | Accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X, Pensacola, Florida, USA) | count/min |
Whole body fat | DXA (Explorer W, Hologic; Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) | g |
Trunk fat | g | |
Whole body peripheral fat | g | |
Trunk peripheral fat | g | |
Sedentary behaviours | Questionnaire (ASAQ) | min |
PA enjoyment and self-efficacy | Questionnaire (PACES and TEOSQ) | – |
cIMT | Ultrasound imager −13 MHz probe (MyLab One, Esaote, Genoa, Italy) | mm |
PWV | Applanation tonometry (Complior, Alam Medical, Paris, France) | m/s |
CRF | Cycle ergometer (Monark 839 Ergomedic, Monark, Vansbro, Sweden) | – |
Gas analyser (K4b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) | mL/kg/min | |
Resting heart rate | Digital sphygmomanometer (OMRON M3 IT, Milton Keynes, UK) | beats/min |
Pre-exercise and postexercise BP | mm Hg | |
Exercise energy expenditure | Cardiofrequencimeter (Polar Vantage NV, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) | kcal |
ALT, alanine transaminase; ASAQ, Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; GGT, Gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PA, physical activity; PACES, Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale; PWV, pulse wave velocity; TEOSQ, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire.