Estimates and 95% CI from hierarchical linear mixed models for z-scores change in BSID-III subscales‡
| Covariates | Cognitive (n=176) | Receptive language (n=176) | Expressive language (n=174) | Fine motor (n=174) | Gross motor (n=175) | Socioemotional (n=185) |
| Adjusted z-score change from study entry to exit | 0.41* (0.09 to 0.73) | 0.50** (0.18 to 0.81) | 0.69** (0.42 to 0.96) | 0.32* (0.01 to 0.63) | 0.58** (0.27 to 0.89) | 0.52** (0.22 to 0.82) |
| Gender (0=female, 1=male) | 0.28* (0.03 to 0.53) | −0.07 (−0.32 to 0.18) | −0.08 (−0.33 to 0.18) | 0.03 (−0.21 to 0.26) | −0.05 (−0.30 to 0.21) | −0.06 (−0.32 to 0.19) |
| Age at enrolment (months) | ||||||
| 6–12 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 13–18 | 0.08 (−0.23 to 0.39) | 0.06 (−0.24 to 0.37) | −0.13 (−0.45 to 0.18) | 0.13 (−0.16 to 0.42) | 0.07 (−0.24 to 0.38) | −0.09 (−0.41 to 0.24) |
| 19–24 | 0.22 (−0.10 to 0.53) | 0.07 (−0.24 to 0.38) | 0.06 (−0.26 to 0.37) | 0.20 (−0.10 to 0.50) | 0.20 (−0.11 to 0.52) | −0.15 (−0.48 to 0.17) |
| Maternal parity (≤2, ≥3) | −0.26 (−0.05 to 0.51) | −0.02 (−0.32 to 0.28) | −0.09 (−0.39 to 0.22) | −0.14 (−0.43 to 0.15) | −0.09 (−0.40 to 0.21) | −0.25 (−0.54 to 0.05) |
| Maternal school attendance (none, some) | −0.02 (−0.30 to 0.26) | 0.10 (−0.17 to 0.38) | 0.34* (0.06 to 0.62) | 0.14 (−0.12 to 0.40) | 0.31* (0.04 to 0.59) | −0.05 (−0.33 to 0.24) |
| No. of children under 5 | ||||||
| 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2 | 0.23 (−0.05 to 0.51) | 0.02 (−0.26 to 0.30) | 0.00 (−0.28 to 0.28) | 0.14 (−0.12 to 0.41) | 0.02 (−0.26 to 0.30) | −0.25 (−0.54 to 0.05) |
| ≥3 | 0.36 (−0.10 to 0.82) | −0.13 (−0.59 to 0.32) | 0.19 (−0.27 to 0.66) | 0.08 (−0.36 to 0.51) | 0.28 (−0.18 to 0.74) | −0.16 (−0.63 to 0.32) |
| Study arm (0=usual care, 1=intervention) | −0.08 (−0.38 to 0.21) | −0.04 (−0.32 to 0.25) | 0.01 (−0.27 to 0.29) | −0.27 (−0.55 to 0.00) | −0.20 (−0.49 to 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.30 to 0.28) |
| Likelihood Ratio test | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.0008 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.007 |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.
‡BSID -III, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition.