Preoperative patient specific clinical variables and comorbidities by nutritional profile group
| Preoperative clinical variables | Underweight short n=656 | Overweight short n=733 | Underweight tall n=252 | Overweight tall n=1534 | Normal n=26 862 | P values* |
| Inpatient status | 585 (89.2) | 591 (80.6) | 210 (83.3) | 1142 (74.5) | 20 280 (75.5) | <0.0001 |
| Case status | <0.0001 | |||||
| Elective | 498 (76.0) | 411 (56.1) | 98 (38.9) | 1240 (80.8) | 14 431 (53.7) | |
| Urgent | 87 (13.3) | 151 (20.6) | 54 (21.4) | 124 (8.1) | 4851 (18.1) | |
| Emergent | 71 (10.9) | 171 (23.3) | 100 (39.7) | 170 (11.1) | 7580 (28.2) | |
| Male gender | 405 (61.7) | 453 (61.8) | 156 (61.9) | 969 (63.2) | 14 911 (55.5) | <0.0001 |
| Race | 0.0003 | |||||
| Caucasian | 491 (79.2) | 567 (81.9) | 185 (76.1) | 1240 (81.5) | 21 283 (83.8) | |
| African-American | 110 (17.7) | 105 (15.2) | 49 (20.2) | 239 (15.7) | 3289 (13.0) | |
| Asian | 18 (2.9) | 18 (2.6) | 9 (3.7) | 33 (2.2) | 661 (2.6) | |
| Native American | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 8 (0.5) | 120 (0.5) | |
| Hispanic | 63 (9.6) | 132 (18.0) | 40 (15.9) | 199 (13.0) | 4054 (15.1) | 0.04 |
| Age | <0.0001 | |||||
| 29–364 days | 308 (47.0) | 225 (30.7) | 95 (37.7) | 840 (54.8) | 5069 (18.9) | |
| 1–2 years | 32 (4.9) | 127 (17.3) | 13 (5.2) | 508 (33.1) | 1431 (5.3) | |
| 3–5 years | 53 (8.1) | 122 (16.6) | 61 (24.2) | 24 (1.6) | 3007 (11.2) | |
| 6–7 years | 32 (4.9) | 45 (6.1) | 36 (14.3) | 31 (2.0) | 2117 (7.9) | |
| 8–12 years | 97 (14.9) | 114 (15.6) | 38 (15.1) | 83 (5.4) | 6980 (26.0) | |
| 13–18 years | 134 (20.4) | 100 (13.6) | 9 (3.6) | 48 (3.1) | 8258 (30.7) | |
| Premature birth | 170 (25.9) | 94 (12.8) | 14 (5.6) | 261 (17.0) | 2276 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
| Metabolic and nutritional conditions | ||||||
| Nutritional support | 253 (38.6) | 139 (19.0) | 29 (11.5) | 286 (18.6) | 2515 (9.4) | <0.0001 |
| Greater than 10% weight loss within 6 months | 286 (43.6) | 72 (9.8) | 37 (14.7) | 155 (10.1) | 1823 (6.8) | <0.0001 |
| Renal conditions | ||||||
| Acute renal failure | 5 (0.8) | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 11 (0.7) | 126 (0.5) | 0.27 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists class | ||||||
| I | 33 (5.0) | 181 (24.7) | 74 (29.4) | 275 (17.9) | 7904 (29.4) | <0.0001 |
| II | 147 (22.4) | 261 (35.6) | 111 (44.1) | 673 (43.9) | 12 044 (44.8) | |
| III | 407 (62.0) | 251 (34.2) | 59 (23.4) | 514 (33.5) | 6294 (23.4) | |
| IV | 65 (9.9) | 39 (5.3) | 6 (2.4) | 66 (4.3) | 591 (2.2) | |
| V | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.8) | 6 (0.4) | 29 (0.1) | |
| Gastrointestinal conditions | ||||||
| Oesophageal gastrointestinal disease | 436 (66.5) | 331 (45.2) | 100 (39.7) | 743 (48.4) | 8821 (32.8) | <0.0001 |
| Hepatobiliary disease | 35 (5.3) | 36 (4.9) | 5 (2.0) | 76 (5.0) | 2321 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular conditions | ||||||
| Cardiac risk factors | <0.0001 | |||||
| Mild cardiac risk factors | 103 (15.7) | 73 (10.0) | 5 (2.0) | 173 (11.3) | 1444 (5.4) | |
| Moderate cardiac risk factors | 55 (8.4) | 42 (5.7) | 6 (2.4) | 72 (4.7) | 693 (2.6) | |
| Severe cardiac risk factors | 26 (4.0) | 14 (1.9) | 1 (0.4) | 45 (2.9) | 280 (1.0) | |
| Cardiac surgery | 81 (12.4) | 56 (7.6) | 9 (3.6) | 127 (8.3) | 1086 (4.0) | <0.0001 |
| Neurological conditions | ||||||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 42 (6.4) | 30 (4.1) | 5 (2.0) | 63 (4.1) | 509 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Seizure disorder | 124 (18.9) | 65 (8.9) | 20 (7.9) | 72 (4.7) | 1110 (4.1) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebral palsy | 112 (17.1) | 22 (3.0) | 8 (3.2) | 16 (1.0) | 516 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Neuromuscular disorder | 77 (11.7) | 45 (6.1) | 12 (4.8) | 59 (3.9) | 844 (3.1) | <0.0001 |
| Developmental delay | 263 (40.1) | 147 (20.1) | 26 (10.3) | 249 (16.2) | 2786 (10.4) | <0.0001 |
| Central nervous system structural abnormality | 127 (19.4) | 75 (10.2) | 14 (5.6) | 156 (10.2) | 1296 (4.8) | <0.0001 |
| Haematological and immunological conditions | ||||||
| Bleeding disorder | 11 (1.7) | 9 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 16 (1.0) | 223 (0.8) | 0.025 |
| Steroid use within 30 days | 37 (5.6) | 33 (4.5) | 4 (1.6) | 50 (3.3) | 918 (3.4) | 0.007 |
| Immune disease | 18 (2.7) | 18 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 19 (1.2) | 615 (2.3) | 0.69 |
| Haematological disorder | 64 (9.8) | 37 (5.1) | 8 (3.2) | 73 (4.8) | 1396 (5.2) | 0.001 |
| Bone marrow transplant | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 6 (0.4) | 79 (0.3) | 0.33 |
| Transplantation | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.6) | 0 | 3 (0.2) | 147 (0.6) | 0.61 |
| Preoperative red blood cell transfusion | 25 (3.8) | 19 (2.6) | 5 (2.0) | 23 (1.5) | 384 (1.4) | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary conditions | ||||||
| Asthma | 43 (6.6) | 70 (9.6) | 7 (2.8) | 81 (5.3) | 1665 (6.2) | 0.12 |
| Chronic lung disease | 92 (14.0) | 56 (7.6) | 5 (2.0) | 112 (7.3) | 856 (3.2) | <0.0001 |
| Cystic fibrosis | 8 (1.2) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) | 181 (0.7) | 0.52 |
| Structural pulmonary abnormality | 83 (12.7) | 64 (8.7) | 11 (4.4) | 130 (8.5) | 1078 (4.0) | <0.0001 |
| Oxygen supplementation | 70 (10.7) | 53 (7.2) | 10 (4.0) | 96 (6.3) | 691 (2.6) | <0.0001 |
| Tracheostomy | 18 (2.7) | 30 (4.1) | 3 (1.2) | 37 (2.4) | 264 (1.0) | <0.0001 |
| Acuity of condition | ||||||
| Prior surgery within 30 days | 31 (4.7) | 22 (3.0) | 10 (4.0) | 39 (2.5) | 530 (2.0) | <0.0001 |
| Open wound | 22 (3.4) | 13 (1.8) | 4 (1.6) | 40 (2.6) | 538 (2.0) | 0.07 |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 2 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 28 (0.1) | 0.006 |
| Do not resuscitate | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 21 (0.1) | 0.35 |
| Inotropic support | 15 (2.3) | 7 (1.0) | 2 (0.8) | 11 (0.7) | 179 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative sepsis within 48 hours | <0.0001 | |||||
| No sepsis | 620 (94.5) | 645 (88.0) | 205 (81.4) | 1452 (94.7) | 23 022 (85.7) | |
| Systemic inflammatory response syndrome | 17 (2.6) | 38 (5.2) | 16 (6.4) | 36 (2.4) | 1980 (7.4) | |
| Sepsis | 13 (2.0) | 47 (6.4) | 31 (12.3) | 39 (2.5) | 1799 (6.7) | |
| Septic shock | 6 (0.9) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.5) | 61 (0.2) | |
*Derived from χ2 test of preoperative patient-specific clinical variables among nutritional profile groups.