Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Revised IAP growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children

  • Guidelines
  • Published:
Indian Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Justification

The need to revise Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) growth charts for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children and adolescents was felt as India is in nutrition transition and previous IAP charts are based on data which are over two decades old.

Process

The Growth Chart Committee was formed by IAP in January 2014 to design revised growth charts. Consultative meeting was held in November 2014 in Mumbai. Studies performed on Indian children’s growth, nutritional assessment and anthropometry from upper and middle socioeconomic classes in last decade were identified. Committee contacted 13 study groups; total number of children in the age group of 5 to 18 years were 87022 (54086 boys). Data from fourteen cities (Agartala, Ahmadabad, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Madurai, Mumbai, Mysore, Pune, Raipur and Surat) in India were collated. Data of children with weight for height Z scores >2 SD were removed from analyses. Data on 33148 children (18170 males, 14978 females) were used to construct growth charts using Cole’s LMS method.

Objectives

To construct revised IAP growth charts for 5–18 year old Indian children based on collated national data from published studies performed on apparently healthy children and adolescents in the last 10 years.

Recommendations

The IAP growth chart committee recommends these revised growth charts for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) for assessment of growth of 5–18 year old Indian children to replace the previous IAP charts; rest of the recommendations for monitoring height and weight remain as per the IAP guidelines published in 2007. To define overweight and obesity in children from 5–18 years of age, adult equivalent of 23 and 27 cut-offs presented in BMI charts may be used. IAP recommends use of WHO standards for growth assessment of children below 5 years of age.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Choudhury P, Agarwal KN, Ugra D, Shah NK. IAP growth monitoring guidelines for children from birth to 18 years. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44:187–97.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Agarwal DK, Agarwal KN, Upadhyay SK, Mittal R, Prakash R, Rai S. Physical and sexual growth pattern of affluent Indian children from 5–18 years of age. Indian Pediatr. 1992;29:1203–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Agarwal DK, Agarwal KN. Physical growth in Indian affluent children (Birth — 6 years). Indian Pediatr. 1994;31:377–413.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Buckler JMH. Growth Disorders in Children. 1st ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Cole TJ, Chiplonkar SA, Pandit D. Overweight and obesity prevalence and body mass index trends in Indian children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6:e216–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. WHO Child Growth Standards. Acta Pediatr Supplement. 2006;450:5–101.

    Google Scholar 

  7. de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:660–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Khadilkar V, Phanse S. Growth charts from controversy to consensus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16:S185–7.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bhatia V. Growth charts, the secular trend and the growing concern of childhood obesity. Natl Med J India. 2011;24:260–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cameron N. The methods of auxological anthropometry. In: Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). Human growth—A comprehensive treatise. Vol. III. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press; 1986. p.3–46.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Cole TJ, Sayyad MG. Cross-sectional growth curves for height, weight and body mass index for affluent Indian children, 2007. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46:477–89.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Borade AB, Chiplonkar SA. Body mass index cut-offs for screening for childhood overweight and obesity in Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:29–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Ganie MA, Kanwar R, Shivaprasad C, Sabharwal A, et al. Nationwide reference data for height, weight and body mass index of Indian schoolchildren. Natl Med J India. 2011;24:269–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Khadilkar A, Ekbote V, Chiplonkar S, Khadilkar V, Kajale N, Kulkarni S, et al. Waist circumference percentiles in 2–18 year old Indian children. J Pediatr. 2014;164:1358–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kaur S, Sachdev HP, Dwivedi SN, Lakshmy R, Kapil U. Prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst school children in Delhi, India. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17:592–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Premanath M, Basavanagowdappa H, Shekar MA, Vikram SB, Narayanappa D. Mysore childhood obesity study. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:171–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Goyal JP, Kumar N, Parmar I, Shah VB, Patel B. Determinants of overweight and obesity in affluent adolescent in Surat City, South Gujarat Region, India. Indian J Community Med. 2011;36:296–300.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cherian AT, Cherian SS, Subbiah S. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in urban school children in Kerala, India. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:475–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Jagadesan S, Harish R, Miranda P, Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children and adolescents in Chennai. Indian Pediatr. 2014;51:544–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ray I, Amar K. An anthropometric study on the children of Tripura: Nutritional and health coverage and redefining WHO percentile cut-off points. Int J Sci Res Publi. 2013;3:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kumaravel V, Shriraam V, Anitharani M, Mahadevan S, Balamurugan AN, Sathiyasekaran BW. Are the current Indian growth charts really representative? Analysis of anthropometric assessment of school children in a South Indian district. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18:56–62.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mansourian M, Marateb HR, Kelishadi R, Motlagh ME, Aminaee T, Taslimi M, et al. First growth curves based on the World Health Organization reference in a Nationallyrepresentative sample of pediatric population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): the CASPIAN-III study. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12:149.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cole TJ, Green PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: The LMS method and penalized likelihood. Stat Med. 1992;11:1305–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cole TJ, Lobstein T. Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2012;7:284–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;10:157–63.

    Google Scholar 

  26. http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/. Accessed November 13, 2014.

  27. El-Mouzan MI, Al-Herbish AS, Al-Salloum AA, Qurachi MM, Al-Omar AA. Growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents. Saudi Med J. 2007;28:1555–68.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zong XN, Li H. Construction of a new growth references for China based on urban Chinese children: Comparison with the WHO growth standards. PLoS One. 2013;8:e59569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 11. 2002;246:1–190.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Li H, Ji CY, Zong XN, Zhang YQ. Height and weight standardized growth charts for Chinese children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2009;47:487–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Growth Charts Committee, Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India

    Vaman Khadilkar, Sangeeta Yadav, K. K. Agrawal, Suchit Tamboli, Monidipa Banerjee & Vijay Yewale

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Lakeshore Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India

    Alice Cherian

  3. Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

    Jagdish P. Goyal

  4. Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India

    Anuradha Khadilkar

  5. Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Madurai, India

    V. Kumaravel

  6. Diabetes Research, Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Speciality Centre, Chennai, India

    V. Mohan

  7. Department of Pediatrics, JSS Medical College, JSS Univeristy, Mysuru, India

    D. Narayanappa

  8. Department of Human Physiology, Ramakrishna Mahavidyalaya, Agartala, Tripura, India

    I. Ray

Authors
  1. Vaman Khadilkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sangeeta Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. K. Agrawal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suchit Tamboli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Monidipa Banerjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Alice Cherian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jagdish P. Goyal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Anuradha Khadilkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. V. Kumaravel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. V. Mohan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. D. Narayanappa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. I. Ray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Vijay Yewale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vaman Khadilkar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khadilkar, V., Yadav, S., Agrawal, K.K. et al. Revised IAP growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children. Indian Pediatr 52, 47–55 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-015-0566-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-015-0566-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation