Incidence and rate of disappearance of retinal hemorrhage in newborns☆
Section snippets
Patients and methods
This study was conducted with institutional approval for human investigations. Babies admitted to the newborn special care unit or with known or suspected systemic or ocular disease or congenital malformation were excluded. Infants considered for enrollment were a cohort of 402 consecutive births over a period of 65 weekdays admitted to the Well-Baby Nursery at the Children’s Hospital of Yale-New Haven Medical Center determined by the pediatrics service to be free of any medical problems. One
Results
Of 402 consecutive newborns eligible for enrollment, parental consent was obtained for the 149 infants who were enrolled in this study, and each underwent an initial retinal examination. Demographic features of the infant population are given in Table 1.
Retinal hemorrhage was found in 34% (50/149) of newborns. Of the 50 newborns with hemorrhage, 26 (52%) had hemorrhage in both eyes, so that 26% (76/298) of eyes examined contained hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were dot blot or flame shaped; larger
Discussion
The incidence of retinal hemorrhage in newborns in this study (34%) is comparable with several reported values (30%,4 34%,14 35%,3 37.5%,5 40%,8 42.1%,11 and 50%7), but greater than values given in several studies (2.6%,6 10.2%,10 14.5%,12 15%,2 18.2%,9 18.9%,15 and 19.2%13). Variation in reported values may be the result of different patient demographics, variable time periods between birth and initial examination, inclusion of children with systemic diseases, and use of pupillary dilation,
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The authors have no financial interests in the products or devices mentioned herein.