How meaningful are data from Likert scales? An evaluation of how ratings are made and the role of the response shift in the socially disadvantaged

J Health Psychol. 2012 Apr;17(3):350-61. doi: 10.1177/1359105311417192. Epub 2011 Aug 8.

Abstract

Likert scales relating to quality of life were completed by the homeless (N = 75); first year students (N = 301) and a town population (N = 72). Participants also completed free text questions. The scale and free text data were often contradictory and the results highlighted three processes to account for these disparities: i) frame of reference: current salient issues influenced how questions were interpreted; ii) within-subject comparisons: ratings were based on expectations given past experiences; iii) time frame: those with more stable circumstances showed habituation to their level of deprivation. Likert scale data should be understood within the context of how ratings are made.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Affect
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Health Status
  • Humans
  • Ill-Housed Persons / psychology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Quality of Life / psychology*
  • Social Isolation / psychology*
  • Students / psychology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires / standards
  • Urban Population / statistics & numerical data
  • Young Adult