The present review introduces the notion of statistical power and the hazard of under-
powered studies. The problem of how to calculate an ideal sample size is also discussed …

Background Subgroup analyses are common in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). There
are many easily accessible guidelines on the selection and analysis of subgroups but the …

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Objective and design: To relate UK national trends since 1950 in smoking, in smoking
cessation, and in lung cancer to the contrasting results from two large case-control studies …

Background There are concerns that COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the
'lockdown', may have unintended health consequences. We examined trends in mental …

Objectives Studies seeking direct estimates of the lung cancer risk associated with
residential radon exposure lasting several decades have been conducted in many …

Background Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity are high in socioeconomically
disadvantaged populations compared with individuals from advantaged areas. It is unclear if …

Objectives: To investigate the association between suicide and area based measures of
deprivation and social fragmentation. Design: Ecological study. Setting: 633 parliamentary …

Ten case‐control studies have been carried out in 6 European countries to investigate the
major risk factors for lung cancer. Carcinogenic effect from cigarette smoke was the most …

Background: An association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and
lung cancer risk has been suggested. To evaluate this possible association better …